Cyber-Security for Networked Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
Networked Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) refer to control systems that involve multiple computing nodes and diverse agents interacting with the physical world. These agents can consist of intelligent systems or robotic agents deployed in real-world applications. CPS are composed of a combination of physical components, such as plants, processes, or systems, and cyber components, such as software, code, and computation that are interconnected through a network, which can be either wired or wireless. The integration and cooperation of physical and cyber components are beneficial for CPS; however, the presence of networked cyber and physical components renders them vulnerable to potential cyber-attacks and other disruptive events.
In light of the fact that numerous networked CPS are utilized to support critical infrastructures or are classified as safety-critical systems, it is crucial to examine the feasibility of securing these systems against cyber threats and ensuring their adaptability to potential disruptions. The deployment of networked CPS, including Autonomous Vehicles, Chemical Process Control Systems, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs), Smart Energy Systems, etc. are typically reliant on sensor measurements to enable closed-loop control. As a result, these control systems are susceptible to cyber-attacks, whereby malicious agents may compromise the sensors or the networks that transmit sensor measurements.
We developed a general-purpose cyber-attack defense methodology for defending networked CPS against arbitrary cyber-attacks, which is called “Dynamic Watermarking (DW)”. Our DW method has been tested on prototype chemical process control system (coupled water tanks), mechanical system (helicopter), the power system with power electronics (grid-tied inverter), industrial adjustable speed drive system, and vehicular system (autonomous car).
Publications:
Jaewon Kim, Hasan Ibrahim, Shaozhe Wang, Akshay Mete, Le Xie, Prasad Enjeti, and P. R. Kumar, “Cyber-Secure and Safe Operation of Solar Photovoltaic Power Distribution Systems”. will be appear IEEE APEC (Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition) 2024.
Huang, Peng-Hao, Jaewon Kim, P. R. Kumar, Jeyavijayan JV Rajendran, and Prasad Enjeti. “Enhancing Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems: Innovations in Protecting PLC-dependent Industrial Infrastructures.” (2023).
(Submitted and Under Review now)
Ibrahim, Hasan, Jaewon Kim, Jorge Ramos-Ruiz, Woo Hyun Ko, Tong Huang, Prasad Enjeti, P. R. Kumar, and Le Xie. “Detection of cyber attacks in grid-tied pv systems using dynamic watermarking.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (2023).
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10268968
Ko, Woo-Hyun, Jorge A. Ramos-Ruiz, Tong Huang, Jaewon Kim, Hasan Ibrahim, Prasad N. Enjeti, P. R. Kumar, and Le Xie. “Robust Dynamic Watermarking for Cyber-Physical Security of Inverter-Based Resources in Power Distribution Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (2023).
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10242131
Alotaibi, Faris H., Hasan Ibrahim, Jaewon Kim, P. R. Kumar, and Prasad Enjeti. “Designing an Intrusion Detection for an Adjustable Speed Drive System Controlling a Critical Process.” IEEE Access (2023).
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10188841
Alotaibi, Faris H., Hasan Ibrahim, Jaewon Kim, and Prasad Enjeti. “A Method to Detect Man in the Middle Attack (MiTM) on a Grid Following PV Inverter.” In 2023 IEEE 24th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2023.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10221187
Lantian Shangguan, Kenny Chour, Woo Hyun Ko, Jaewon Kim, Gopal Krishna Kamath, Bharadwaj Satchidanandan, Swaminathan Gopalswamy, and P. R. Kumar. “Dynamic watermarking for cybersecurity of autonomous vehicles.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (2022).
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9994719
Jaewon Kim, Akshay Mete, and P. R. Kumar. “Safe Control of Networked Chemical Process Plants Under Cyber-Attacks.” In 2022 AIChE Annual Meeting. AIChE, 2022.
Link: https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2022/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/644720
Faris Alotaibi, Hasan Ibrahim, Jaewon Kim, and Prasad Enjeti. “Designing an Intrusion Proof Adjustable Speed Drive System Controlling a Critical Process.” In 2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), pp. 1-7. IEEE, 2022.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9923160
Hasan Ibrahim, Jaewon Kim, Prasad Enjeti, P. R. Kumar, and Le Xie. “Detection of cyber attacks in grid- tied pv systems using dynamic watermarking.” In 2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech), pp. 57-61. IEEE, 2022.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9772036
Hasan Ibrahim, Jorge Ramos-Ruiz, Jaewon Kim, Woo Hyun Ko, Tong Huang, Prasad Enjeti, P. R. Kumar, and Le Xie. “An active detection scheme for sensor spoofing in grid-tied pv systems.” In 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 1433-1439. IEEE, 2021.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9595733
Tong Huang, Jorge Ramos-Ruiz, Woo-Hyun Ko, Jaewon Kim, Prasad Enjeti, P. R. Kumar, and Le Xie. “Enabling secure peer-to-peer energy transactions through dynamic watermarking in electric distribution grids: Defending the distribution system against sophisticated cyberattacks with a provable guarantee.” IEEE Electrification Magazine 9, no. 3 (2021): 55-64.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9528341
Jorge Ramos-Ruiz, Hasan Ibrahim, Jaewon Kim, Woo Hyun Ko, Tong Huang, Prasad Enjeti, P. R. Kumar, and Le Xie. “Validation of a Robust Cyber Shield for a Grid Connected PV Inverter System via Digital Watermarking Principle.” In 2021 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2021.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9494227
Jaewon Kim, Woo-Hyun Ko, and P. R. Kumar. “Cyber-Security through Dynamic Watermarking for 2-rotor Aerial Vehicle Flight Control Systems.” In 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), pp. 1277-1283. IEEE, 2021.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9476684
Jorge Ramos-Ruiz, Jaewon Kim, Woo-Hyun Ko, Tong Huang, Prasad Enjeti, P. R. Kumar, and Le Xie. “An active detection scheme for cyber attacks on grid-tied PV systems.” In 2020 IEEE CyberPELS (CyberPELS), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2020.
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9311539
Jaewon Kim, and P. R. Kumar. “Security of Control Systems with Erroneous Observations.” IFAC- PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 2225-2230.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896320302433
Jaewon Kim, Woo-Hyun Ko, and P. R. Kumar. “Cyber-security with dynamic watermarking for process control systems.” In 2019 AIChE Annual Meeting. AIChE, 2019.
Link: https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2019/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/577246